Глоссарий (Медицинская энциклопедия)

RU
EN

Barium enema: The use of a milky solution (barium sulfate) given by an enema to allow x-ray examination of the lower intestinal tract.
Barium swallow: The use of a milky solution (barium sulfate) given orally to allow x-ray examination of the upper intestinal tract.
Benign growth: A swelling or growth that is not cancerous and does not spread from one part of the body to another.
Biopsy: The surgical removal of tissue for microscopic examination to aid in diagnosis.
Blood cells: Minute structures produced in the bone marrow; they consist of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Blood count: The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a sample of blood.
Bone marrow: The spongy material found inside the bones. Most blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration: The procedure by which a needle is inserted into a bone to withdraw a sample of bone marrow.

Bone marrow suppression: A decrease in the production of blood cells. Bone marrow suppression is a side effect of chemotherapy treatment in come cases
Bone marrow transplant: The infusion of bone marrow into a patient who has been treated with high dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Patients may use their own marrow, which in some cases has been frozen.
Allogeneic: The infusion of bone marrow from one individual (donor) to another.
Autologous: The infusion of a patient's own bone marrow previously removed and stored.
Syngeneic: The infusion of bone marrow from one identical twin into another.
Bone scan: A picture of the bones using a radioactive dye that shows any injury, disease, or healing. This is a valuable test to determine if cancer has spread to the bone, if anticancer therapy has been successful, and if affected bony areas are healing.
Breast self-examination (BSE): A manual self-examination of the breasts.
Bronchoscopy: The insertion of a flexible, lighted tube through the mouth into the lungs to examine the lungs and airways.